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Posts Tagged ‘antioxidant’

The 10 unforgettable items for memory enhancement

February 16th, 2009

Blueberry1. Blueberries, strawberries

Blueberries and its corresponding byproducts have already been a popular supplement for many. Scientists discovered its properties in delaying the aging process, rejuvenating cells and and reducing memory loss.

Dr. James Joseph of the Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging in Tufts University once did an animal experience and found that when rats were fed with , spinach, or strawberry dietary supplements, their ability in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral activtities had a higher score.

Its not always easy to find fresh blueberries everywhere, so besides drinking juice and eating jam, yogurt and other related supplements, Dr. Shih-Yi Huang of the School of Nutrition and Health Sciences in the Taipei Medical University suggests that we can consume dark coloured fruits such as grapes, cherries, strawberries and other berries to get the similar effect.

2. Deep sea fish

Scientists have already confirmed that eating more fish makes you a smarter kid.

Most of us health conscious people have already known that fish fats (or fish oil) contains the omega-3 fatty acids have been scientifically proven to not only strenghthen our heart, prevent stroke, but also increase memory and make us “smarter”.

More than half of our is made up of non-saturated fats (including omega-3 fatty acids). In particular, the in omega-3 is a critical component of our nerve cell membrane. We need enough to delivery nutrition and sustain the normal operations of cells, and to remove waste from our head. Therefore, fish not only can enhance memory and learning ability, it also aids in the prevention of memory loss.

A study at the Harvard University suggests that people with high blood concentration has reduced risk of having Alzheimer’s disease.

Experts recommend eating fish 2 to 3 times a week. Particularly fish that are rich in : salmon, tuna, sardine, mackerel, etc…

3. Whole wheat bread

Whole grains have been strongly recommended by nutritionists, rich in vitamin E and B1, folic acid, nicotinic acid, etc… These are all required nutrients for the operation of our .

In addition, a study at the Harvard University noted that by eating 2 to 3 pieces of whole wheat bread, and replacing white bread and white rice with cereal, we can reduce artery occlusion and lower the risk of having stroke by 30 to 40%.

4. Spinach

The “king of vegetables” spinach, is known to keep you staying young.

Researchers at the University of South Florida fed rats with spinach supplements and found their learning abilities and reactions have increased as a result. Dr. Bickford, the lead of this study, says that spinach are rich in vitamins and full of substances protecting the from free radicals. It has long been suspected by medical professionals that the damage of free radicals in the may increase the risk of having Alzhemier’s disease.

5. Nuts

Even with the high fat cotent in nuts, it still makes a good supplement for both the heart and the . It contains not only monounsaturated fats, functiong to lower cholesterol, but also rich in vitamin E, , and other antioxidants used to protect cells from damage.

A study by the Department of Agriculture found that nuts also contain the mineral boron (found in fruits and green vegetables), that affects the current of activities making us respond faster.

But still, nuts are high in calorie, so it’s best not to eat too much; we can eat a small amount of peanuts, walnuts or almonds to replace other source of fats.

6. Eggs

Egg yolk contains lecithin, the primary source of acetylcholine synthesis that is responsible for memory neurotransmittion. Egg also contains nutrients for the including vitamin A, E, B6, B12, folic acid and zinc. Researchers pointed out that long-term deprevation of folic acid and vitamin B12 can incur memory loss and even increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

The Journal of the American Medical Association once reported that an egg a day does not cause high lipids levels. An animal study in the Kansas State University also found that the lecithin in eggs can control the amount of cholesterol in the blood system.

7. Oats

Oats contain a soluble fiber substance called β-polydextrose, blocking the production and absorption of cholesterol and reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

By eating 3 grams of oats everyday, we can lower 5 to 6 units of cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease by around 12%.

8. Pumpkin and pumpkin seeds

Pumpkin is an excellent source of β-carotene. β-carotene such as green vegetables, carrots, pepper, potatoes, papya, manga, etc…, helps our perform critical thinking.

Pumpkin seeds are a source of zinc. Without it, we can easily have memory loss and concentration problems. Studies suggest that the average person lack a certain small amount zinc, and have minor memory depreciation.

9. Tofu

Soybeans contain a phytoestrogen called isoflavone that is considered to promote memory and prevent dementia.

There was a study that separated students into two groups. One group was continously fed with soy drink, soy pudding and other soy products for 10 weeks. Results found that the scores and response times of their memory tests were better than the other group of students who didn’t eat a large amount of soy products.

10. Grapefruits

Guava, citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits, etc…), strawberries, tomatoes, kiwi, broccoli are all rich in vitamin C. Vitamin C is needed in the synthesis of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitters in charge of memory functions. By eating at least 5 types of fruits and vegetables can ensure our body would not lack these vital nutrients.

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The relationship between free radicals, antioxidants and health

February 6th, 2009

Free Radical

The discovery and scientific research of free radicals have been around for hundred of years. The fact that animals were poisoned after inhaling too much oxygen first caught the attention of scientists back in 1878. It was not until late forties and early fifities that the first case of premature infants having retrolental fibroplasia due to the excess use of oxygen. It was later confirmed to be closely related to free radicals.

What are free radicals?

Free radicals are in itself a very activate chemical and contains plenty of unstable molecules, atoms or ions. The life of a continously undergoes oxidation in order to transform back into its original state as quickly as possible. And so free radicals exist for only a very short period of time.

The source of free radicals

Depend on the age and sex, the average human body needs to consume 1700 to 2400 of calories every day. Every second the body continously transform nutrients such as fat, carbohydrates and proteins into energy. The process of transforming inhaled air for oxidation of nutrients naturally produces free radicals in most parts of the body. For example, mitochondria is the primary location that produces energy for oxidation in cells.

There are many types of free radicals. The body can produce free radicals through synthesis for an important function, or generate from the metabolic process, and also from the external environment. The three obvious types of free radicals that are produced by the body include , compound, and . The increase in free radicals due to external environment can be a result of many factors, such as stress from work and life, prolonged depression, frequent lack of sleep, food, water and air pollution, smoking and second-hand smoke, excessive UV radiation, bacteria and virus, etc… The free radicals consumed in air are generally (SO2) from power plant emissions, nitric oxide (NO) from vehicle emissions, ozone (O3) produced from welding and others.

How does free radicals affect our health?

When free radicals remain inside the body, it oxidates the tissues in healthy cells, damaging cell membrane and cells including DNA, resulting in cell apoptosis or mutation. If the body gets attacked by free radicals for long enough, other serious illnesses can occur, including , cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and early aging.

About antioxidants

Not all free radicals are bad for the body, though. The body releases a suitable amount of free radicals to aid the daily functions of the cardiovascular system, keeps the mind clear, helps maintain focus, trigger sexual organs, eliminate invading viruses and bacteria, etc… Humans have the amazing ability to skillfully control and utilize free radicals without causing harm, because the body contains a complete system. (or scanvenger) neutralizes excess free radicals and eliminates its harmfulness. The from synthesis basically fits into four main categories: dismutase (SOD), methione reductase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

As we age, the system that produces antioxidants can malfunction, leading to retained free radicals and causing increased health risks. We can intake additional antixodants to make up for the insufficient amount. In fact, some antioxidants in the form of vitamin, minerals and fruits and vegetables can help prevent free radicals formation and neutralize free radicals; the most common names include vitamins A, C, E and .

Vitamin A: Because an excess of vitamin A can lead to food poisoning (no more than 10000iu per day), it is recommended to isntead take the precursor of vitamin A, β-carotene.

Vitamin C: A potent that can pass through barriers and assist in removing free radicals from the .

Vitamin E: An that prevents fat and cell mutation. Out of the eight species, d-α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity.

: It is one of the minerals that have been researche extensively. Combined together with protein it acts as , helping to prevent cell damage from free radicals and delay the growth of cell mutation.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in natural antioxidants. Common names include lutein, lycopene, quercetin, zeaxanthin, bio-flavonoids, polyphenols, etc…

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Pomegranate juice may boost sperm mobility

January 21st, 2009

Pomegranate Juice

Regular consumption of juice (PJ, 石榴汁) may have an effect on the quality and mobility of , reported by a new research study lead by Gaffari Turk from Firat University in Turkey and also published in Clinical Nutrition.

The lead researcher says, “”The results of this study demonstrated, for the first time, that daily consumption of PJ for seven weeks caused increased spermatogenic cell density, epididymal concentration, motility and decreased abnormal rate related with decreased in male rats.”

For seven weeks, Turk’s research team conducted tests on 28 male Wistar rats by dividing them into four groups and allowed them to drink 1 mL of distilled water, 0.75 mL of water and 0.25 mL of PJ, 0.50 mL of water and 0.50 mL of PJ, and 1 mL of PJ daily for seven weeks.

The experiment suggested that PJ consumption can reduce the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA, 丙二醛), which are a reactive carbonyl compound and end product of lipid oxidation. The effect of drinking PJ with respect to water decreased MDA levels by 48.5% in the and 63.5% in the in the tests on rats.

“Spermatozoa are especially susceptible to peroxidative damage because of the high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are involved in regulation of maturation, [and] spermatogenesis,” explained the researchers.

They also pointed out that only a high concentration of PJ had a significant impact on abnormalities, compared to PJ and water mixtures.

However, further study is needed to determine whether PJ has the same effect on humans, and the level of PJ concentration required to decrease human abnormalities.

The current market has been increasingly confident on the health benefits of PJ as commercial advertisers are promoting PJ as improving heart health, prevent prostate and reduce the chance of .

Source: Clinical Nutrition (Elsevier)

“Effects of juice consumption on quality, spermatogenic cell density, activity and testosterone level in male rats”

Authors: G. Turk, M. Sonmez, M. Aydin, A. Yuce, S. Gur, M. Yuksel, E.H. Aksu, H. Aksoy

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